Ever wonder why you see green in corn and bean fields after harvest or before planting? Although some may be wheat, it may also be a cover crop. Whether you believe so or not, planting cover crops has been a major agronomic topic of discussion among the many innovative agricultural practices of nutrient management today. Especially here in Illinois, where our fertile soils are one of the best in the nation, let alone in the entire world.
Basically, the idea behind cover crops is for the purpose of keeping roots below the surface year-round, while establishing a source of living soil cover in the winter and early spring. As a result, over time it can essentially build the soil organic matter (SOM) and better the overall soil structure, thus allowing the soil to retain water and nutrients for the crop more effectively. Additionally, the whole purpose of the word ‘cover’ in ‘cover crops’ is the concept of covering bare soil to prevent soil erosion, which is one of the leading causes of soil depletion.
In October of 2021, I was fortunate to gain a new innovative experience by planting cover crops for my cousin, Jason Boehler. A fellow WIU grad, Jason farms roughly 500 acres of half and half corn and soybeans with his father Joe (my great uncle), and makes all agronomic decisions for every acre. Being an innovative farmer, Jason’s goal is to seed every acre with a cover crop every year, to not only achieve higher yields each year, but better the soil as well. In addition, he no-tills all his soybeans while strip tilling all his corn.
“We try to cover crop every acre every year”
Jason Boehler
After each corn harvest, he seeds cereal rye with his drill. After the soybeans are cut, he then drills a barley and crimson clover mix into bean stubble. Barley will grow deep roots to better the soil and the clover is there as a legume to convert valuable nitrogen from the air and to the soil through the process of nitrogen fixation. This process allows for Jason to apply less anhydrous ammonia (NH3) in the spring ahead of the corn as a source of nitrogen fertilizer. Ground going into corn gets a burndown spray application roughly a week or two before planting to terminate the barley and clover, while the beans get planted into green rye and are later treated with a postemergence herbicide when the beans are at VE to V1 growth stage.
Through my experience, I was able to seed the barley and clover mix into bean stubble while Jason and Joe finished up on cutting beans. This was also when I was first introduced to using GPS autosteer. In their John Deere 4430, they had previously set up an autosteer system capable to adapt to older model tractors. Not only was I able to let autosteer lead me in a straight line throughout the field, with the GPS screen monitor I was able to track what I planted and follow along to what had already been planted, to make sure I didn’t overlap any. It took a little bit to get used to, but I mastered it pretty quickly.
Overall, I profoundly enjoyed drilling the barley and clover for my cousin. Along with driving row after row in an enclosed tractor cab with A/C, a radio, and autosteer, I enjoyed learning about the process of his cover cropping operation. Although I feel any experience is valuable in the field of agriculture, I like this one in particular because it was innovative. And we all know innovation is part of the future.
About the Author
Hi, my name is Clayton Walch and I’m a junior at Western Illinois University. My home base is Litchfield, IL. I am majoring in Agriculture Science and double minoring in Agronomy and Precision Agriculture. Aside from school work I am involved in many campus clubs and organizations such as Alpha Gamma Sigma, Agronomy Club, Collegiate FFA, Collegiate Farm Bureau, and Ag Mech Club. My plan after graduation is to start a career in the field of Agronomy. Hope you enjoyed reading my blog and thanks for stopping by!